Language of the ins and outs of _ Tang discretion

Language of origin-of-Europe Foundation tide springs the Ethnology-theory · ethnicity · cultural "reading notes reading of ancient history, these ancient peoples got the surge because civilization era, human migration is very frequent and widespread, all kinds of people of mixed blood, and also directly caused by the changes in the national language, is formed in the later on the nation has a classic definition, that is brenci's definition:" the peoples ' history of folklore also born. National features of most to have eight ... "definition of brucellosis can be summed up as five, namely (a) the common geographical (2) common economic life (3) of the same origin (4) a common language (5) the common culture. But ancient history books in many communities description does not entirely by national, sometimes called the Indo-Europeans, Semitic, etc, this is actually divided according to the language, because the language like race and ethnicity, and some related, some not yet found kinship. In order to determine the language of the proponent, linguists use lineage classification, according to the language of the identity of the origin and language, that is, the original language of concomitant — vocabulary and basic common syntax, on the basis of the various languages together, by language family characteristics. Now there are 2000 languages around the world, the system studied to 1/10. It can only be used to do a genealogy of the language. Different language effect occurs between is common. For example, Japanese is borrowed from the Chinese in a lot of vocabulary (Chinese also borrowed from the Japanese in some words, such as "noun", "philosophy" and "'", etc.), but no one thinks that they are the same type of language; the language of symbols is borrowed from Sanskrit, but they are not the same kind of language. In addition, all of the language, spoken in the children's "mother" and "father" of pronunciation are very similar, but it cannot be used as all languages are all evidence of a class, because they are more dissimilar parts. Therefore, the study of language evolution, research various language original form, in order to exclude from different types of language, generally consider some basic vocabulary such as the daily life of things names (day, month, year, Sun, moon, Earth, etc.), the name of human body parts (head, eyes, hands, feet, etc.), basic personal (you, me and him, formal description of the parents, brothers and sisters of the appellation, etc.), the amount of one thousand the following words (the original number for thousands of people in general are not aware of), and so on, as well as the most basic rules of grammar, pronunciation. These are a language most original, most basic and not susceptible to outside influence of core parts. If there is language in these sections are similar to each other (as shown in table 3), it almost certainly they have a common origin, the evolution of the same kind of language. The world's languages have several dozen species, but the consumer more speaking mainly the following seven species. Speaking on behalf of the language as their mother tongue, the proportion of families of the world's population (Indo-European) English, French, Russian, Hindi, Persian 45 per cent of Chinese and Tibetan (Sino-Tibetan) Chinese, Thai, Tibetan, Burmese 22 per cent of the Niger-Congo (Niger-Congo) Swahili and Africa 6 per cent (Afro-Asiatic)/shanhan (Hamito-Semitic) in Arabic, Hebrew, 6 per cent of South Island (Austronesian), Indonesia, Malaysia, 5% de la Vida (Dravidian) Tamil, 4 per cent of Altai (Altaic) Turkish, Mongolia, Kazakh a 3 per cent, Indo-European Indo-European is "India-Europa language" for short, also known as the "India-Germanic". Siwuqian years ago Neolithic and bronze age, the Black Sea coast in South-East Prairie life with Kromah farmer characteristics of groups, some of the settlers and nomad, known as the "Stayki", they use the original language of the Indo-European, then these primitive tribes relocated elsewhere, to the Northwest and Southeast extension, the former "West Branch", the latter known as "East Branch". Latin Group and Crystal ear Mann language group and West Branch related. Shanhan language group are Xiangdong development of an original Indo-European there are the old relationship. Linguists are therefore the Indo-European is divided into two major language group of things, and minutes in 10 languages: Germanic languages, Latin, Celtic languages, Greek Cypriot, Albania, Slavic languages, language group India Group, Iran branch, branch and lietuo-Lithuania Armenia branch. 1) Germanic branch of the 3000 years ago, ancient Germanic people siding in Germany and the Scandinavian region, 5-6 century outwards, entered the territory of the Roman Empire, and overturned the ruling, after the conquest of the British Islands and the island's Celtic, then gradually to mixed, the formation of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Germany, Austria, Netherlands, England, Flemish people, Frisco, combined into Germanic languages. 2）拉丁语族。 1000 years BC, Apennine peninsula live Latin crowd, and was established in 30 BC, the Roman Empire in external expansion and rule occurs when the language and culture of peoples of blend and fusion. The Roman Empire collapsed after the differentiation into French, Italian and Spanish, the formation of Latin family. 3）凯尔特语族。 4 century b.c. by the Romans and the Germans attack, 1 century under the rule of Rome, known as "Gaul", Rome, 5 century Gaul (Cymraeg) extinct, differentiation into Latin family of French, to the 5-6th century from angles and Saxons invaded, most being assimilated into England, part of the people at about 1000 years ago functioned as Ireland, Welsh, Gaelic and Brittany Celtic language group comprising people. 4) Wbr > Greek family. Greek Cypriots in the Balkan peninsula of southern Greece and Cyprus, as Western Greece's use, the type species, the Eastern Mediterranean established system of Athens, Polis, then successively under the Roman Empire and the Ottoman Turkey, Greece and the Slavs, Albania, Turkey, fusion, on 18-19 century in the fight against the Ottoman Empire in the Greece national. 5）阿尔巴尼亚语族。 One species of the Balkans, the Caucasus type is the ancient Illyrians. 70% live in Albania, 30% live in Yugoslavia. 6）斯拉夫语族。 Slavic language group's common ancestor is the ancient Slavs, 2 century because Germans East Branch through the Slavs, forcing the Slavs moved to the West to East, to the West of the 5th century into the Balkan peninsula, and later formed Yugoslavia; distribution to Otter Creek and easy beiheyan shore, 10 century into the modern Hungary horse Castle people into cloth in which two parties, divided into the intervals long, divided into the Western Rocky and East Slavic. A) East Slavic Yuzhi: including Russia, Belarus, and Ukraine. B) Yugoslav Yuzhi: popular Balkans, å is divided by religious beliefs are different for different nationalities, such as the use of Serbia-Croatia: nation divided into today's Serbia, Croatia and Bosnia, three separate religion Orthodox, Catholic and Islam. The yuzhi mainly include: Bulgaria, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Slovenia. C) West Slavic Yuzhi: West Slavic history through Germany accepted the Roman Catholic Church, and the Western European Latin culture contact relatively close, culturally than other Slavic people closer to the West. This family of people who mainly are Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Sorbian. 7) India branch 2000 BC, people belonging to the "southern European" part of the European people, from Black Sea to the Southwest, the South Asian migration with original Aryan language into North India advancing to the South, gradually, to speak up to Dravida family and Vader language indigenous tribes, and gradually they formed the Aryan, India Group, also known as the "India-Aryan language group". Mainly include Hindi, Urdu, Bengali, Nepal, Assamese, Sinhala, ... Divehi, Gypsies, etc., is also an ancient Sanskrit branch in India. 8）伊朗语族。 4000 years b.c. to 3000 years before, some possibly Mesopotamian Europa race groups, say that "the Soviet-American language." To 2000 BC, tells the Arabs moving Semitic Western Asia. Went to the 1000 years BC, in the area of Indo-European dominant, language similar groups more and more, start forming Iran branch. Later, the Arabs began to expand to 10 century Turkic people came to the 12th century, Mongolia people came. Because the historical complex of the region, these different racial mixing, allow Iran language contains a large number of Arabic, Turkic language components. The group is Iran, Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Turkey and other countries of the Persian and Pashto, the Tajik language, Kurdish, Baloch language, etc. 9）列托-立陶宛语族。 Also known as the Baltic languages, mainly in the history of the ancient Prussian; another part is Lithuania, as well as part of the Latvian people. 10) Armenia branch. The group only Armenia language, mainly the Caucasus Gruber Kat to, Azerbaijan. Second, Sino-Tibetan (omitted), the island three languages and three (slightly) IV Ouyasi family: (1) of the Ural-speaking (2) Caucasian languages (3) of the Altai language family including Mongolia language speech, Turkic languages, tungusic language group. (4) the ancient Asian languages. Five, four languages and African. Refers to the African continent called family, as well as some African national language has kinship but distributed in Asia, some national language. In four languages. 1）闪含语系。 Also known as non-Asian languages, original language for in Mesopotamia and Arabian Peninsula, is to livestock industry of Ancient Semitic (Semitic is the Arabs used to be called), distributed in two river basin called East Semitic, their descendants Accad, Babylonians and Assyrians is his representative, the modern Semitic is known as the North branch. In other areas, call West Semitic. A Northwest Branch, modern) called the Semitic, the oldest in the branch on behalf of the are Phoenicians, Jews, Alameda and moabit people in Palestine, Syria, Mesopotamia, and the North. B), in the South of the modern call Semitic, 7th century with the rise of Islam out of the Arabian Peninsula, to the African diasporaNow distributed in Egypt, Sudan, Morocco, Algeria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Lebanon, Tunisia, Libya, Jordan, Kuwait, etc. C) South Branch, also known as the Semitic South Branch. Mainly MAHRI, Shah in person, Suzy, Barcelona, etc. The language can be further divided into Semitic languages (divided into Arabic branch and Ethiopia Yuzhi), Berber languages, libraries, Richter group and Chad Group (on behalf of the language as haosayu). 2）尼日尔-科尔多凡语系。 Also known as the Bantu language family, is Africa's indigenous languages. 3）尼罗-撒哈拉语系。 Africa's indigenous languages. 4）科伊桑语系。 Six, American and Australian indigenous languages (brief)